The Past it’s History

The article History It’s the Science of the Past

A legend is a traditional story of the past that is unverified and thought to be an exaggerated version of a real event or events. Defining the term “myth” is a lot harder than legend because it is often defined based on what one wishes to include and exclude. The fact that it is seen as an untrue claim in popular usage only which only makes it harder to define.

In practical historical usage however myths and legends are accounts of the past that a given historian wishes to discount. Now this is not an official definition but it is a practical one. The fact is that many of these stories could be idealized and culturalized versions of real events. The process of idealization and culturalization could make true stories more fantastic than they real were, This is most likely to occur in cases where there are mutable versions of the same story in different cultures and even more likely when the cultures had little or no contact.

An introduction to the Genesis Mission article on Archaeology

Archaeology

This is a short introductory Genesis Mission article on Archaeology from a Creation Science perspective. It includes a list of future topics that will be linked to as they are completed.

The Quantization in Quantum Mechanics

Quantization is the situation where physical quantities like position, energy and momentum can have only certain discrete values. In free empty space a particle’s position, energy and momentum are continuous. If the particle is bound to a particular area of space can these properties can only have certain discrete values. The energy contained in a given frequency of electromagnetic waves is quantized in that it always has the same value at the same frequency. The electromagnetic energy is found in discrete packet called photons.

The quantization of the energy of an electron inside an atom explains much of the behavior of atoms such as why atoms emit only discrete frequencies of light. An electron that is in a low orbit of an atom can absorb a photon causing the electron  to jump to a higher orbit. The electron then emits a photon jumping back to the lower orbit.

The quantization of space-time is based on several natural units proposed by Max Planck that are based on five universal physical constants: Gravitational constant, Reduced Planck constant, Speed of light in a vacuum, Coulomb constant, and Boltzmann's constant

While most of them have no physical significance two of them Planck Length and Planck Time are the smallest possible measurements of space-time according our current understanding of the laws of Physics because of the  uncertainty principle when a plied to these scales. This suggests that time and space themselves are Quantized.

Planck Length is the smallest measurement of length that has any meaning with in the laws of physics as we understand them today and Planck Length is about 1.616 252 × 10⁻³⁵ m.

Planck Time is the amount of time it takes a photon to cross a Planck Length. It is the smallest measurement of time that has any meaning with in the laws of physics as we understand them today and Planck Time is about 5.391 24 × 10⁻⁴⁴ s,

Quantization requires physical quantities like position, energy and momentum to have discrete values explaining much of what goes on in side atom and based on our current understanding of the laws of physics it suggest that time and space are quantized.

Dimensions are the Directions in Physics

Dimensions are mutually perpendicular directions. The depiction of dimensions is as an axis lines that show the direction of a particular dimension.

Building dimensions starts with a point which has zero dimensions. This can be expanded into one dimension to form a line. The lined can be expanded into two dimensions to form a plane and that plain can be expanded into three dimensions to form a space. This process can be expanded indefinitely with no theoretical limit to the number of dimensions despite the fact that our existence has only three spacial dimensions any number of dimensions is theoretically possible.

In physics dimensions have been classically used with space however Spacial Relativity added time as a dimension. Cosmological Relativity adds cosmic expansion velocity as a dimension. String theory uses from 10 - 26 dimensions and M theory uses 11 dimensions. Mathematically any number of dimensions is possible from zero to infinite dimensions.

N^th Dimensional Modeling is useful for describing more than physical dimensions it can model the distribution of any set of properties expressed as numbers.

While dimensions are primarily used to describe space and time though some physical theories use more than three spacial dimensions specifically string theory. They can also be used to model the distribution of non spacial properties.

It is Time for Physics.

Time is the dimension that is characterized by sequences of events. In physics it is seen as a 4th dimension

The basic SI unit for time is the second. Its duration is defined as a 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation of the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium133 atom. It was originally defined based on a day.

Other units of time include the minute which is 60 seconds, the hour which is 60 minutes or 3600 seconds, the day which is the time needed for the sun to return to its highest in the sky or about 24 hours, the week which is a period of 7 days, the month which is based originally on orbital period of the moon and varies from 28-31 day and the year which is based on the orbital period of the Earth as it moves around the Sun and is a period of 365.2596 days. The week is the only time unit not based on an astronomical period being based on the Jewish Sabbath cycle which is based on the creation week of Genesis 1. The calendar year is rounded to 365 days with a leap day every 4 years.

According to Special and General Relativity time is a 4^th dimension. It is unique in that we only travel through time one way. (forward).

Time is one of the three main parts of the Universe: space, time and mass. Relativity shows them to be inter-related with space and time are so interrelated that they form a single entity.  Mass warps space-time forming gravity and motion of mass contracts both space and time.

The perception of the rate of time is variable but time is always experienced in the same way. We remember the past, we exist in the present and we look forward to the future. In our common experience time is the sequence of events we experience. Physics has shown that it is to be a lot more. It is a fundamental part of the universe.

Measurements as a Tool of Science

Measurement is the process of obtaining a numerical value representing a physical property, such as length, mass, or time, by way of a unit of measurement. A unit of measurement is a magnitude representing a physical quantity by use of  a standard for measurement of that physical quantity. A measuring device is a piece of equipment used to measure a physical quantity based on a standard for measurement.

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Measurement and Objectivity

Measurements are the most objective part of science since the resulting numbers are what they are. The mechanical devices used for measurement aide objectivity by removing the human factor that is human subjectivity. The validity of a measurement is only as valid as the theory behind it.